4/30/2023 0 Comments Feudal kingdoms in europeWhereas other civilizations (including the Byzantine Empire) considered the monarch to possess both temporal and spiritual authority, these were separated in medieval Western Europe: temporal authority belonged to secular rulers, while spiritual authority belonged to the Church. One of the most prominent unique qualities of Western European history is the distinction of church and state. This "mutual excommunication" was finally lifted in the twentieth century. 79 Though Orthodox Christianity lacks a supreme authority, it does feature a "first among equals": the patriarch of Constantinople, who serves a facilitating role in the Orthodox world.Įastern and Western Christianity gradually diverged in their practices and beliefs until the East-West Schism of 1054, in which each officially declared the other to be heretical. The Eastern form of Christianity came to be termed Orthodoxy. The Byzantines, on the other hand, preferred a decentralized group of Christian communities of equal standing: "Eastern Churches" rather than a monolithic Eastern Church. Western Christianity would eventually come to be known as Roman Catholicism. In short, the medieval West was united as Latin Christendom. Nonetheless, Western Europe remained united spiritually (under the pope, who had emerged in the Early Christian period as the supreme figure of Western Christianity) and linguistically (by Latin, which remained the scholarly tongue of the West). Western Europe, on the other hand, crumbled into an impoverished, non-urban patchwork of Germanic kingdoms. It should be remembered, however, that the Byzantines called themselves "Romans", and considered their nation to be the continuation of the Roman Empire. "Byzantine" is a modern label that recognizes the distinct qualities of the Eastern Roman Empire in its medieval phase, including the revival of Greek as the universal educated language, Orthodox Christianity, and the Byzantine style of art. Urban kingdoms flourish across Western Europeīy the medieval period, the Eastern Roman Empire had evolved into the Byzantine Empire (ca. Western Europe governed by patchwork of non-urban kingdoms Timeline of Western Medieval Europe 500-1000 History of Early Medieval Europe Introduction Timeline Summary of Medieval Europe
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